chore: update learn index
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@ -78,60 +78,76 @@ This page details the main design desitions of the language,
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if you want to install THP go to the [installation guide](install)
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## Interactive execution
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## Why?
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The documentation contains snippets of interactive THP code, like this:
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PHP is an old language. It has been growing since 1995, adopting a
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lot of features from many places like C, Perl, Java, etc. This was
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done in a very inconsistent way, as detailed by Eevee in their article
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[PHP: a fractal of bad design.](https://eev.ee/blog/2012/04/09/php-a-fractal-of-bad-design/)
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Along the years PHP has been improving. PHP added classes, exceptions,
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interfaces, traits, type hints and checks, functional features,
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reflection, etc., etc. However, by building on top of the existing
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language without a clear design philosophy, and by keeping backwards
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compatibility, we ended up with a messy language. The article
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above goes into detail about this.
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In spite of this, PHP has remained widely used and loved, in a
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weird way (I'd say in the same way that people love JavaScript),
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and at the time of writing PHP 8.3 is available. However,
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PHP is to my eyes fundamentally flawed, and cannot get up to
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date without completely breaking what came before.
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This is where THP comes in. I wanted a modern language
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that could run in the same environment that PHP does.
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And I quickly realized that building on top of PHP
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in the same way that TypeScript did for JavaScript would be
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detrimental. It would be better to create a completely new
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language, treat PHP source code as a "low level" compilation
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target, and focus entirely on the new language.
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This new language would be mainly inspired by what **I** consider the best
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designed languages out there: Rust as a baseline, Zig for
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its null and error handling and Kotlin for its OOP features.
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In a way, PHP will be adapted to, say, Rust's syntax and semantics,
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instead of having Rust adapt to PHP.
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In pursue of this THP **will** ditch many things about PHP,
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in name of consistency. These are things that PHP devs are
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used to doing, but that I consider bad practices, hacks or
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workarounds. One example of this are variable variables on PHP:
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`$$variable`.
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Another critical point of THP is type safety. It is a goal
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to approach the same level of type safety that have compiled
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languages like Java/Go/Rust, and leave aside dynamic typing
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as much as possible. Types cannot be turned off, you cannot
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use `Any` to avoid typechecking, and so on.
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Finally, there are some additions to the language that I consider
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essential today: A good, unified LSP, type definitions,
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accesible documentation, an opinionated code formatter
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and plugins for major editors like VSCode and Neovim.
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<InteractiveCode
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code={`
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val x = "android"
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var y = 17
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fun f(Int a, Int b) {
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print("hello, {a} {b}")
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}
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f(x, y)
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`}
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steps={`
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step {line 1}
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step {
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line 2
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set "String x" "\\"android\\""
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}
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step {
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line 8
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set "Int y" "17"
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}
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step {line 4}
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step {line 5}
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step {
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out "hello, android 17"
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line 6
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}
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step {line 8}
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step {line 0}
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`}
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></InteractiveCode>
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Use the `Step` and `Reset` buttons to emulate the execution of a
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THP program!
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## Goals
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- Bring static typing to PHP: Generics, type checks at compile and runtime.
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- Bring static typing to PHP: Generics, type checks at compile and runtime, etc.
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- Reduce implicit type conversion to a minimum.
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- Remove the inconsistencies in the language.
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- Organize the PHP stdlib.
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- Have clear distinctions between Arrays, Tuples, Maps and Sets.
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- Have a clear distinctions between Arrays, Tuples, Maps and Sets.
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- Implement Union types
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- Create a **consistent** language.
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- Have typings for popular libraries (like TS's `.d.ts`).
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- Have a simple instalation and configuration (requiring just Composer).
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- Ship a fast, native binary (written in Rust) (why use PHP when we can go **_blazingly fast_**?).
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- Have a simple instalation and configuration (requiring just Composer or a binary).
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- Ship a **_blazingly fast_**, native binary, written in Rust.
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- Support in-place compilation.
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- Implement an LSP server.
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- Implement a formatter.
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- Implement a Language Server.
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- Implement an opinionated code formatter.
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## Not goals
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