Add keywords & detail classes
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@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ export function scan_identifier(input: string, starting_position: number, is_dat
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}
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function check_keyword(value: string): string {
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const keywords = ["case", "static", "const", "enum", "loop", "use", "break", "catch", "continue", "do", "else", "finally", "for", "fun", "if", "in", "fn", "nil", "return", "throw", "try", "while", "type", "match", "with", "of", "abstract", "class", "interface", "private", "pub", "override", "open", "init", "val", "var", "mut", "clone"];
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const keywords = ["throws", "extends", "constructor", "case", "static", "const", "enum", "loop", "use", "break", "catch", "continue", "do", "else", "finally", "for", "fun", "if", "in", "fn", "nil", "return", "throw", "try", "while", "type", "match", "with", "of", "abstract", "class", "interface", "private", "pub", "override", "open", "init", "val", "var", "mut", "clone"];
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if (keywords.includes(value)) {
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return "keyword";
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@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ function scan_decimal(input: string, starting_position: number): [string, number
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if (c === ".") {
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// todo
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throw new Error("Not implemented");
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return [current_value, pos];
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}
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else if (c == "e" || c == "E") {
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// todo
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throw new Error("Not implemented");
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return [current_value, pos];
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}
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else if (is_digit(c)) {
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current_value += c;
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@ -5,111 +5,229 @@ title: Classes
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# Classes
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Basically kotlin syntax.
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Syntax and semantics heavily inspired by Kotlin.
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## Create a new instance of a class
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`new` not required, in fact, forbidden.
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To create an instance of a class call it as if it were a function,
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without `new`.
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```thp
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val dog = Dog()
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val animal = Animal()
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```
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## Simple class
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## Simple class
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Why'd you do this tho?
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Classes are declared with the `class` keyword.
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```thp
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class SimpleClass
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class Animal
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val instance = SimpleClass()
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val instance = Animal()
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```
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## Properties & methods
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## Properties
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Properties are declared with `var`/`val`.
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They **must** declare their datatype.
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```thp
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class SimpleClass
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class Person
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{
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// This is an error. Properties must declare their datatype,
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// even if the compiler can infer it.
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val name = "Jane Doe"
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// This is correct
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val String name = "Jane Doe"
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}
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```
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Properties are private by default,
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but can be made public with `pub`.
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```thp
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class Person
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{
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// Properties are private by default
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var String? name = ...
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val String name = "John Doe"
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// Made public with `pub`
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pub var String? surname = ...
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// To make a property public use `pub`
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pub var Int age = 30
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}
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```
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// Methods are private by default
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fun display_name()
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More information about how properties interact with the constructor
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is found in the contructor section.
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## Methods
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Methods are declared with `fun`, as regular functions.
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```thp
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class Person
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{
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fun greet()
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{
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// `$` is used instead of $this. Mandatory
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print($name)
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print("Hello")
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}
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}
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```
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Methods are private by default, and are made public with `pub`.
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```thp
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class Person
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{
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// This method is private
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fun private_greet()
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{
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print("Hello from private method")
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}
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pub fun get_name() -> String?
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// Use `pub` to make a method public
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pub fun greet()
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{
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$name
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print("Hello from greet")
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}
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}
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val p = Person()
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p.greet() //: Hello from greet
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p.private_greet() // Compile time error. Private method.
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```
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## This
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THP uses the dollar sign `$` as this. It is **required** when
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using a class property/method.
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```thp
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class Person
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{
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val String name = "Jane Doe"
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pub fun get_name() -> String
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{
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return $name
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}
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pub fun greet()
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{
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val person_name = $get_name()
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print("Hello, I'm {person_name}")
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}
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}
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```
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## Static members
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no
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Static members are detailed in their own page.
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## Constructor
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Kotlin style
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(for now) THP's constructors are inspired by Kotlin.
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PHP only allows a single constructor, and so does THP.
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The basic constructor has the syntax of function parameters.
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```thp
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class Cat(
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var String name,
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var Int lives = 9,
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val String surname = "Doe",
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// |this is the constructor |
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class Animal(String fullname, Int age)
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val a1 = Animal("Nal", 4)
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```
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The class properties can be declared in the constructor,
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using the keywords `pub`, `var`, `val`:
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```thp
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class Animal(
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// Since we are using val/var, these are promoted to class properties
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val String fullname,
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var Int age,
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)
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{
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pub fun get_name() -> String
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pub fun say()
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{
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$name
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}
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pub fun die()
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{
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$lives -= 1
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if $lives <= 0
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{
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print("Cat {$name} is death")
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}
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else
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{
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print("Cat {$name} is life still")
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}
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// Here we are using the properties declared in the constructor
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print("My name is {$fullname} and i'm {$age} years old")
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}
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}
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val michifu = Cat("Michifu")
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print(michifu.get_name())
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val a1 = Animal("Nal", 4)
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a1.say() //: My name is Nal and i'm 4 years old
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```
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With kotlin's `init` block.
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By using this syntax you are declaring properties and assigning them
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at the same time.
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The contructor parameters can also have default values.
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### Constructor visibility
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The constructor is public by default. It can be made private/protected
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like this:
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```thp
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class Dog(val String name)
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{
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Int name_length = name.length()
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class Animal
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private constructor(
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val String fullname,
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var Int age,
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)
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{...}
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```
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### Derived properties
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You can declare properties whose values depend on values
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on the constructor.
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```thp
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class Animal(
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val String fullname,
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)
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{
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// A property whose value depends on `fullname`
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// This is executed after the contructor
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pub val Int name_length = $fullname.length
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}
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val a2 = Animal("Doa")
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print(a2.name_length) //: 3
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```
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### Init block
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If you need to additional logic in the constructor you can
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use a `init` block.
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```thp
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class Animal(
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val String fullname,
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)
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{
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init
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{
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print("Dog has been instantiated")
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print("{$fullname} in contruction...")
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}
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}
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val a3 = Animal("Lola") //: Lola in construction
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```
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## Inheritance
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Kotlin style
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```thp
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// Base class
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class Animal(var String name)
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{
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pub fun say_name()
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@ -118,7 +236,9 @@ class Animal(var String name)
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}
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}
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class Cat(String name, Int lives) -> Animal(name)
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// Child class
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class Cat(String name, Int lives)
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extends Animal(name)
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Cat("Michi", 9).say_name()
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```
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@ -153,5 +273,21 @@ var michi = Animal("Michifu")
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michi.set_name("Garfield")
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```
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## Class constructor that may return an error
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Working theory:
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```thp
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class Fish(
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val String name,
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var Int lives = 9,
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)
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extends Animal(name)
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throws Error
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val fish_result = Fish("bubble") // fish_result will be a `Result[Fish,Error]`
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val fish = try fish_result
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```
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